Epilepsy in Ancient Times

Epilepsy, one of the oldest known neurological conditions, has been recorded in medical texts as far back as ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. In many ancient cultures, epilepsy was seen as a mysterious or supernatural illness. Some cultures believed that seizures were caused by demonic possession or the work of spirits, and therefore, they turned to

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Cataract Surgery in the Middle Ages and Beyond

In medieval Europe, knowledge of cataract surgery was limited, and the practice largely stagnated for several centuries. However, the techniques and writings of ancient and medieval scholars, particularly those of Al-Razi and Ibn al-Haytham, were preserved and transmitted to Europe through Arabic texts. By the 16th and 17th centuries, European phys

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Cataract Surgery in Ancient Greece and Rome

Cataract surgery techniques were known to ancient Greek and Roman physicians, though the methods used were rudimentary compared to modern practices. In the 4th century BCE, the Greek physician Hippocrates, often referred to as the "father of medicine," and his followers documented a variety of surgical treatments for eye ailments, including catarac

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